Annual Report 2004
Chapter 2.3:
Freedom of Religion
- Notes
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1.
Democratic Management Committee (DMC) was set up by the People’s
Republic of China to manage affairs within Monasteries and nunneries
inside Tibet. The DMC has been used to implement the Party’s
policies of with the use of the “patriotic re-education” campaign,
which includes among other things; the requirement of all monks and
nuns to study political texts and adhere to a proclamation of loyalty
to the mother –land, in hand with the denunciation of the Dalai Lama.
2.
“… The Religious Affairs Bureau which shares responsibility for controlling monasteries with local governments and Party cells, in implementing new policies of control at the grassroots level,” Cutting Off the Serpent’s Head; Tightening Control in Tibet, 1994-1995; Tibet Information Network Human Rights Watch/Asia. P. 30.
3.
“Work teams” under the democratic Management Committee, are
responsible for monitoring and conducting the
‘patriotic re-education’ campaigns in monasteries.
The work teams are also required to report any monks or nuns who
refuse to adhere to the patriotic re-education classes. DMC officials
are also responsible for monitoring and reporting any activities
within the monasteries that Party authorities might deem subversive.
4.
“Patriotic Re-education” campaigns are meant to among other things,
instruct monks and nuns in State ideologies and include such things
as requiring monks and nuns to claim allegiance to the State,
as well as denounce the Dalai Lama.
5.
http://www.unpo.org/news,
taken from the ICT Report, "When the Sky Fell to Earth", 2004
6.
Taken from a reference translated by; Tibet Information NetworkHuman
Rights Watch/Asia, “ Cutting off the Serpent’s Head; Tightening
Control in Tibet, 1994-1995", p 33. Translated from reproduced in
A Golden Bridge… on October 1, 1994, in the Tibet Daily (Chinese
language version), November 25, 1994.
7.
“This demand in practice meant that work teams or management
committees had to obtain from each monk or nun a written or oral
declaration that they would not support the political position and
claims of the Dalai Lama or his followers. The demand is worded in
such a way that it criticizes the Dalai Lama personally but does not
explicitly require Tibetans to oppose the Dalai Lama as an individual
or as their religious leader; instead they are ordered to separate
themselves from the “clique,” and it is specified that the separation
related to politics rather than religious matters. Given the general
tone of these instructions to Party cadres, which elsewhere include
extensive attacks on the Dalai as an individual and as a religious
figure, we can assume that this ambiguity was not an oversight. But
a reflection of a sense of caution amongst Chinese propagandists
about how far they can push their demands without triggering off
major unrest… The ambiguity leaves decisions about difficult policy
implementation to be decided by cadres at the local level and thus
leaves the senior leadership free to deny responsibility if things go
wrong. It is also in effect an invitation to grassroots cadres to be
more energetic in carrying out the spirit of the instructions than
required by the instructions themselves.” Cutting Off the Serpent’s
Head; Tightening Control in Tibet, 1994-1995; Tibet Information
Network Human Rights Watch/Asia. P. 34.
8.
Taken from a reference in the ICT report,
"When the Sky Fell To Earth", Page no. 81, released in 2004
9.
China's Tibet 2004, Facts and Figures, New Star Publishers, page 68, line 9-11.
10.
Taken from a reference in the ICT report,
"When The Sky Fell To Earth", (2004) page 93.
11.
Source:
TCHRD March Update 2004,
page 4
12.
Taken from a reference in the ICT report
"When The Sky Fell To Earth", Page no. 17, released in 2004
13.
Source:
TCHRD June Update 2004,
page 2
14.
Source:
TCHRD July Update 2004,
page 5
15.
Source:
TCHRD Kathmandu Interview 2004
16.
Source:
TCHRD Kathmandu Interview 2004
17.
Source: TCHRD Kathmandu Interview 2004
18.
Source:
TCHRD November Update 2004,
page 4
19.
Source: TCHRD Kathmandu Interview 2004
20.
ICT report
"When The Sky Fell To Earth".
21.
Source: TCHRD Kathmandu Interview 2004
22.
Source: TCHRD Kathmandu Interview 2004
23.
Source: TCHRD Kathmandu Interview 2004
24.
TCHRD August Update 2004,
page 6
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