[Back to Chapter 2.2]
1. Art. 1(1) of the ICCPR
2. United Nations Press Release, 2 March 2001
3. BBC online network, “NPC’s decision to accede to international war against terrorism”, 28 October 2001
4. Willy Wo-Lap Lam, “China detains hundreds of Tibet ‘splittists’”, CNN, 21 November 2001
5. ibid
6. BBC World News Service, “Robinson warns China on repression” 8 November 2001
7. Willy Wo-Lap Lam, “China detains hundreds of Tibet ‘splittists’”, CNN, 21 November 2001
8. News release www.xz.xinhua.org of 27 June 2001
9. TIN, “Five more death sentences announced in Tibet”, 28 June 2001
10. Yixi Cuomu, Lhasa Xizang Ribao (Ch), “Tibet Higher People’s Court Holds News Conference”, 26 June 2001
11. TIN, “Execution in Tibet during Strike Hard Campaign”, 27 June 2001
12. The key annual political anniversary marking the 1959 Lhasa Uprising against Chinese occupation
13. TIN News Update, “A kind of charade: monks bribed to take part in official celebration, security clampdown for 10 March anniversary,” 23 March 2001. For more details see Chapter on Freedom of Religious Belief and Practice
14. TIN News Update, “National Day commemoration highlights political duties of Tibetans”, 19 December 2001
15. Chinese Prime Minister
16. TIN News Update, “Initial reports on Fourth Tibet Work Forum”, 27 July 2001
17. Hu Jintao was a former Party Secretary of “TAR” and presided over the imposition of Martial Law in March 1989 following a series of pro-independence demonstrations in the Tibetan capital
18. PRC White Paper, Progress in China’s Human rights Cause in 2000, 9 April 2001
19. TCHRD Interview 54, 24 January 2001
20. PRC White Paper, Progress in China’s Human rights Cause in 2000, 9 April 2001
21. TCHRD Interview 5/446, December 2001
22. ibid
23. ibid
24. To date we have no further information on the outcome.
25. TIN, “Grass roots rural control stepped up with education of Chinese and Tibetan cadres” 11 January 2001
26. TCHRD Interview 68, 4 June 2001
27. Art. 35 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China
28. UN Doc. E/CN.4/2000/4, Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention Follow-up information received from the Government of China, 28 December 1999
29. PRC White Paper, Progress in China’s Human rights Cause in 2000, 9 April 2001
30. Refer to endnote 28
31. The agency is funded with 1,000,000 yuan (US$117, 648) annually, and publishes the quarterly magazine China’s Tibetan Culture
32. TCHRD Interview 4/379, 29 March 2001
33. TIN News Update, “Jamming of foreign broadcasts stepped up in propaganda drive”, 28 February 2001
34. ibid
35. Bobson Wong, China Closes 17,000 Internet Cafes, Digital Freedom Network, 21 November 2001, www.dfn.org/focus/china/internetcafes-closed.htm.
36. Internet Law, Article 15(1). Passed on 30 September 2000 by China’s State Council
37. Art. 15 (2), (3), (5). For more information see http://www.dfn.org/voices/china/netreg-0010txt.htm.
38. Bobson Wong, China Closes 17,000 Internet Cafes, Digital Freedom Network, 21 November 2001, www.dfn.org/focus/china/internetcafes-closed.htm.
39. For more details see Appendix cases 1.1 or TCHRD Human Rights Update, “Life imprisonment and heavy prison sentences for six Sog residents”, July 2001 www.tchrd/hrupdate/2001
40. Huo Xiaogang and Qiu Lihua, “Fewer prisoners in Tibet on charges of threatening state security”, Xinhua News, 21 May 2001
41. TCHRD Human Rights Update “Six years for watching Dalai Lama video” June 2001, www.tchrd/hrupdate/2001
42. TCHRD Human Rights Update “Three years for screeing Dalai Lama video” July 2001, www.tchrd/hrupdate/2001
43. TIN Special Report, Propaganda and the West: China’s struggle to sway international opinion on the Tibet issue, 16 July 2001
44 Rupert Wingfield-Hayes, “A censored Chinese media tour”, BBC News, 9 September 2001. For more details see Appendix
45 Christopher Bodeen, “Monks, China Police Coexist Uneasily”, Associated Press, 3 December 2001. For more details see Chapter on Religious Repression
46. Art. 7, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20 and 21 of UDHR
47. Art. 12, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 26 and 27 of the ICCPR
48. UN Doc E/CN4/2000/ADD1, “Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention Addendum Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention”
49. Art. 52 of the Constitution of the PRC
50. Art. 51 of the Constitution of the PRC
51. Art. 9 (2) “Anyone who is arrested shall be informed, at the time of arrest, of the reasons for his arrest and shall be promptly informed of any charges against him”
52. These arrested people are included in the List of New Arrests for 2001 in the Appendix
53 Art. 124 and 126 of the Criminal Procedure Law of PRC, Amended 1997
54. Pi Dawei, Beijing Review, “A close-up look at The Tibet Prison”, 2 August 2001
55. TIN News Update, “Chadrel Rinpoche still in prison” 23 August 2001
56. UN Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment UN Principles 15, 19 and 20
57. TCHRD Human Rights Update of July and August 2000, www.tchrd/hrupdate2000
58. For more details see Appendix cases TCHRD Human Rights Update, “Life imprisonment and heavy prison sentences for six Sog residents”, July 2001 www.tchrd/hrupdate/2001
59. For more details see Appendix case 1.3
60. Human Rights in China, Empty Promises: Human Rights Protections and China’s Criminal Procedure Law in Practice, Hong Kong, March 2001
61. Amnesty International, People’s Republic of China Torture – A growing Scourge in China – Time for Action, 12 February 2001, London, p. 5
62. Art. 103, Criminal Law PRC (emphasis added)
63. UN Doc. E/CN.4/1998/44/Add.2, “Report submitted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, Addendum and Visit to the People’s Republic of China”, 27 December 1997, (emphasis added)
64. The Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, represented by its Chairman and Vice-Chairman, Mr. Kabil Sibal (India) and Mr. Louis Joinet (France), visited the PRC at the invitation of the government from 6 to 16 October 1997
65. UN Doc. E/CN.4/1998/44/Add.2, “Report submitted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, Addendum and Visit to the People’s Republic of China”, 27 December 1997
66. For more details see Appendix case
67. For more details, visit www.tchrd.org/urgent
68. TCHRD Human Rights Update “15-year sentence for wooden block prints bearing political slogans” November 2001, www.tchrd/hrupdate/2001
69. For more details see Appendix case
70. For more details see Appendix case or TCHRD Human Rights Update, “Life imprisonment and heavy prison sentences for six Sog residents”, July 2001 www.tchrd/hrupdate/2001
71. Art. 13(2) UDHR, “Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country”
72. Art. 12 (2) ICCPR, “Everyone shall be free to leave any country, including his own”
73. Art. 5 (d) (ii) of the ICERD, “The right to leave any country, including one’s own, and to return to one’s country”
74. TCHRD Interview 34, 8 August 2001
75. Xinhua 16 October 2001
76. TCHRD Interview 5/415, 27 July 2001. For more details see Chapter on Livelihood
77. Established in 1992, this “re-education through labour” unit is sometimes referred to as Toelung Dechen or Toelung Bridge, and has five units
78. For more details see Appendix case
79. For more details see Appendix case
80. UN Doc. E/CN.4/1998/44/Add.2, “Report submitted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, Addendum and Visit to the People’s Republic of China”, 27 December 1997
81. “Workshop on punishment of minor crimes” Beijing 26-27 February 2001 Opening address by Mary Robinson, United Nations, High Commissioner for Human Rights
82. For further information on the arrest of Geshe Sonam Phuntsok, see TCHRD, Human Rights Office, June 2001
83. For more details see TIN News Update, “Two Tibetans die at labour re-education camp” 10 July 2001
84. For more details see Appendix case
85. Art. 3 of the Convention Against Torture
86. Amnesty International, People’s Republic of China Torture – A growing Scourge in China – Time for Action, 12 February 2001, p. 5
87. Radio Free Asia, Washington D.C. , Tibetans get life in jail in connection with blast, 11 December 2001, www.rfa.org
88. Amnesty International, People’s Republic of China Torture – A growing Scourge in China – Time for Action, 12 February 2001, p.6
89. ibid
90. Commission on Human Rights Fifty-seventh Session, Civil and Political Rights Including Questions of Torture and Detention, “Report of the Special Rapporteur, Sir Nigel Rodley”, 25 January 2001, p. 323
91. Ngawang has, since his arrival undergone many tests as he was facing health problems. Even now he is visiting doctors for his migraine-like attacks and his inability to lift anything heavy
92. Benninger-Budel C., Violence Against Women: for the protection and promotion of the human rights for women, 2000, p.104
93. TCHRD, Prisoners of Tibet: Profiles of Current Political Prisoners, 2000
94. For more details see Appendix case
95. Amnesty International, Take a step to stamp out Torture, 2000, p.46
96. Marshall, S., “Rukhag 3:The Nuns of Drapchi Prison”, TIN, London, 2000
97. Refer to Appendix case
98. For more details see Appendix case
99. Art. 10 of ICCPR
100. CEDAW Committee, Violence Against Women, Recommendation No.19 adopted at the 13th session, 1994
101. For more details see Appendix case
102. Huo Xiaogang and Qiu Lihua, “A Glimpse into Prison on the World’s Highest Plateau”, 20 May 2001 Xinhuanet, 22 May 2001
103. TCHRD Human Rights Update, “ Chilli fires and electric shocks force confession”, February 2001, www.tchrd/hrupdate/2001 See also Appendix case 1.12
104. Huo Xiaogang and Qiu Lihua, “A Glimpse into Prison on the World’s Highest Plateau”, 20 May 2001 Xinhuanet, 22 May 2001
105. UN Doc. E/CN.4/1998/44/Add.2, “Report submitted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, Addendum and Visit to the People’s Republic of China”, 27 December 1997
106. UN Doc. A/CONF.157/23 “World Conference on Human Rights”, Vienna, 14-25 June 1993, p. 4
