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1.
SITA, "President Jiang with NPC deputies from Tibet",
China's Tibet, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1998, p. 2. See also,
"1999: A Golden Year", China's Tibet, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1999.
2.
Xinhua News Agency,
"50 Years of Progress in China's Human Rights",
Beijing (English text) 17 Feb. 2000.
3.
People's Daily,
"Tibet Can't Follow Beaten Track in Large-Scale Western Development",
27 March 2000.
4.
Xizang Ribao, "Report on the work of the government"
by Gyaltsen Norbu, chairman of the Tibet Autonomous
Regional People's government, delivered at the sixth
regional people's congress on 15 May 1997, (Chinese text)
29 May 1997: 1-2.
5.
China Daily, "Poverty fight needs dedication", 17 Jan. 2000.
6.
Xinhua News Agency,
"50 Years of Progress in China's Human Rights",
Beijing (English text)17 Feb. 2000.
7.
Gabriel Lafitte, "Immiserization and Poverty in Tibet",
Seminar on "Tomorrow's Tibet", DIIR, Dharamsala,
20 March 2000.
8.
Xinhua, 26 September 1999.
9.
Xinhua News Agency,
"50 Years of Progress in China's Human Rights",
Beijing (English text) 17 Feb. 2000.
10.
Gabriel Lafitte, "Immiserization and Poverty in Tibet",
Seminar 6 on "Tomorrow's Tibet", DIIR,
(Dharamsala, 20 March 2000).
11.
Xinhua, "Agricultural Conditions Improved in Qinghai",
Beijing (English text) 10 Oct.1999.
12.
See further Gabriel Lafitte, "Remaking the West: China's
New Mass Campaign for Development of Western China",
Seminar 5 on "Tomorrow's Tibet", DIIR
(Dharamsala, 15 March 2000): 9.
13.
See International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), Tibet:
Human Rights and the Rule of Law, Geneva, December 1997,
p.148, note 201. Chinese statistics in recent years on
average rural income reveal that 80-90% of Tibetans live
at approximately 1000 yuan per annum while the poverty
line is at 2600 yuan. See also, Gabriel Lafitte, "Off Farm
Employment in Rural Tibet: Prospects for Strengthening
Tibetan Development", (May 9 1999): 4.
14.
International Commission of Jurists,
Tibet: Human Rights and the Rule of Law
(Geneva, Switzerland, Dec. 1997),
150.
15.
International Commission of Jurists, Tibet: Human Rights
and the Rule of Law, p.156, note 218. According to the
World Bank spending is a more reliable indicator of poverty
than income especially given the very low rate of Tibetan
savings.
16.
Ibid., 156, 158.
17.
Ibid.
18.
Where former Tibetan provinces of Amdo and Kham have been
absorbed and incorporated into, which mixes figures for
Tibetans and Chinese.
19.
International Commission of Jurists,
Tibet: Human Rights and the Rule of Law
(Geneva, Switzerland, Dec. 1997),
158.
20.
TCHRD,
Tibet: Tightening of Control
(Dharamsala Jan. 2000), 75-81.
21.
Tibetan Youth Congress,
Strangers in their Own Country
(Dharamsala, 1994).
See also Tsewang Phuntso,
"China's Development Policy in Tibet Since the Early 195O's",
Sept.1999.
22.
Speech given by Raidi, Chairman of the Standing Committee
of the Tibetan Regional Congress on 5 September 1994 at
the Seventh Plenum of the Sixth Standing Committee Session
of the TAR Communist Party and distributed internally as
"Document No. 5", quoted in Tsewang Phuntso's
"China's Development Policy in Tibet Since the Early 195O's".
23.
Tibetan Parliamentary and Policy Research Centre,
The Case Concerning Tibet: Tibet's Sovereignty and The Tibetan
People's Right to Self-Determination,
by International Committee of Lawyers for Tibet and
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization,
(New Delhi, Dec. 1998), 70.
24.
Ibid., 68.
25.
International Committee of Lawyers for Tibet,
"The Relationship Between Environmental Management
and Human Rights in Tibet", A Report Prepared for the
Special Rapporteur for the Study of Human Rights and the
Environment, July 1992, 11. A comprehensive study of
population transfer conducted in 1995 by the Tibet Support
Group (UK) arrived at a more conservative figure while
confirming the unreliability of Chinese official statistics
for Tibet. They estimate that the total of non-Tibetans
in ethnographic Tibet is between 5 and 5.5 million, while
noting that Chinese statistics from 1990 put the total
Tibetan population at 4.59 million. Tibet Support Group
UK, New Majority: Chinese Population Transfer into Tibet,
London 1995, esp. 157-159.
26.
International Commission of Jurists,
Tibet: Human Rights and the Rule of Law
(Geneva, Switzerland, Dec. 1997),
117.
27.
Xinhua News Agency,
"50 Years of Progress in China's Human Rights",
Beijing (English text) 17 Feb. 2000.
See especially the first section entitled "A historical
turning point in the progress of human rights in China"
which claims among other changes that "the old wage system
was adjusted, a labour insurance system was introduced,
and workplace welfare and employees' living standards were
improved."
28.
DIIR,
"Tibet: Environment and Development Issues",
(Dharamsala, 1992), 35.
29.
Tsering Norbu, a 37 year-old man from Dzonga Township,
at the border of Kerum, "TAR",
arrived in exile on 13 January 2000.
30.
Dawa, an 18 year-old farmer from Kyirong County,
Shigatse Prefecture, arrived in Dharamsala on 25 January 2000.
31.
China Daily, "Jobs Needed in Rural Areas", 20 Feb. 2000.
32.
Bhuchung, a 28 year-old nomad from Lhasa Municipality,
came to Dharamsala on 30 January 2000.
33.
Gabriel Lafitte,
"Off Farm Employment in Rural Tibet:
Prospects for Strengthening Tibetan Development",
(9 May 1999), 7-8.
34.
1 Gyama = 500g.
35.
Ra-khul = goat's fur.
36.
Nor-khul = yak and dri's fur.
37.
Suk trel = animal tax.
38.
A 30 year-old nomad from Saga County in Shigatse
Prefecture, arrived in Nepal on 11 January 2000
39.
Information Office of the State Council Of the People's
Republic of China,
"New Progress in Human Rights in the Tibet Autonomous Region", 7.
40.
Lafitte,
"Off Farm Employment in Rural Tibet".
ICLT, The Case Concerning Tibet, 70.
41.
Ibid., 19.
42.
TIN, News Review, "Reports from Tibet" (1998): 60, 92, 94;
Lafitte, "Off Farm Employment in Rural Tibet", 4-5.
43.
Xinhua News Agency
"Tibet Grain Harvest Increases 7.9 per cent",
Beijing (English text) 7 Jan. 2000.
44.
A 36 year-old farmer from Dhingri County, Shigatse
Prefecture, who arrived in Nepal on 19 December 1999.
45.
A 29 year-old farmer from Ngamring County, Shigatse
Prefecture, reached Nepal on 20 December 1999.
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